6 Things Students Can do to Prepare for Test Mishaps

In light of   the June 6th SAT debacle, we have brainstormed several ways that students can safeguard against mishaps on testing day. 1) Know the  Test and Its Instructions The first goals of PSAT, SAT, and ACT students should be to get familiar with testing order, problem types, section lengths, and timing. Except during major changeovers such as the redesigned SAT in March, the exams and their instructions remain constant. Should you guess on every problem or leave some blank? How is the exam scored? 2) Practice Under Pressure Most students will at least work through a test or two from the Official SAT Study Guide or from a commercial service, but many fail to practice under test pressure. Compass offers free, proctored practice tests to students, so we are not unbiased on this matter. But the reason we invest in this expense is because it helps students develop a deep understanding of test structure and timing and how they will respond on test day. If you are not able to find a place that offers practice tests, have a parent serve as a proctor and enforce test rules on timings, breaks, and lack of interruptions. It is a very different way of working than simply solving problems as homework. 3) Register Early Late planning can mean that a student  does not get her  first choice in test centers. In the worst case, all local test centers can fill-up. Because of security concerns, testing stand-by has become difficult, if not impossible. Students may have to drive more than an hour away on what is already an early Saturday morning. Getting a first choice can mean taking the test at a familiar school where you are less likely to be rattled if something goes wrong. 4) Speak Up Inexperienced proctors and poor testing conditions are the two biggest test day complaints that we hear. Speak up if there is a problem. Students are not kicked out of a session for asking questions (unless you are being repeatedly disruptive). Proctors have to follow scripts, and oftentimes they cannot answer questions directly. This may seem unkind, but the information students are provided needs to be fair and universal. That does not mean that you should not ask your questions anyway. If a proctor makes a mistake, you want to catch it early (e.g. if they write the wrong starting time on the board, clarify the start and stop times and where the official time is being kept). If the band is playing next door or cold air is coming in through an open window, ask a proctor to speak to a supervisor and see if anything can be done. Some situations are out of their control, but it’s amazing what a motivated proctor (often teachers at the school) can do. 5) Borrow a Watch from an Old Person Cellphones are wonderful, satellite-accurate timing devices. They are also forbidden in the testing room. Do not depend on what a proctor writes on the board as time clicks away (they have no obligation to inform you of how much time is left). Do not count on a working clock in your classroom. Just make sure that you do not use any beeping timers — that can get you kicked out. 6) Stay Calm and Carry On In the event of an unexpected event, try not to get caught up. It’s similar to a courtroom where the judge has to kick off jurors who discuss the case. ETS will invalidate scores if it feels that the security of the test has been breached because students have had improper access to the test booklets (a proctor leaves the room for several minutes to consult with the supervisor) or discussed the test during an event such as a temporary building evacuation. Stay focused and try to concentrate on the next question rather than dwelling on what is out of your control.

Banking Regulation After The Financial Crises Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2783 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: Banking Essay Development Essay Did you like this example? This essay discusses the developments in banking regulation that are currently being discussed and put in place on account of the global financial and economic crises. With banks, primarily in the United States but also in other developed nations, being the epicentre of the global banking crisis, recent years have been marked by extreme concern among individuals and organisations across the globe on the causes of the economic crisis, the role of banks in the financial crisis, the reasons behind the collapse of huge and well regarded banks, and the existing and proposed banking regulatory system (Dam, 2010, p 581). This essay investigates the reasons behind the financial crisis, the contribution of banks to the crisis, the regulatory failures and gaps that led to the development and exacerbation of various problems, and the regulatory changes that are underway in order to ensure appropriate safeguarding from such crises in future. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Banking Regulation After The Financial Crises Example For Free" essay for you Create order The study also analyses the merits and demerits of the implemented and proposed changes and suggestions for the improvement of effectiveness of banking regulation in future. The study is structured into sequential sections that take briefly detail the developments leading to the financial crises, the regulatory failures and gaps that facilitated the development of the crises, the changes that are being brought about in the regulatory environment and areas that need to be considered whilst making such regulatory changes. Analysis and Discussion Reasons for the Development of Sub-Prime Crisis The sub-prime crisis developed mainly because of the unsuitable and perilous usage of financial processes like securitisation, a method used by commercial and investment banks to club their loans, switch them into saleable assets, and thereafter transfer these loans, irrespective of their risk element, to others (Kling, 2009, p 21). Banks earn substantial money from the interest on their loans but need to tie up their capital for long periods of time in such assets (i.e. interest bearing loans) (Kling, 2009, p 21). Securitisation, widely perceived to be the single most significant financial innovation of contemporary times, enables banks to offload their risk and exponentially enhance their cash flows (Kling, 2009, p 21). The availability of the securitisation route led banks to engage in indiscriminate lending to borrowers with doubtful repayment capabilities (Kling, 2009, p 21). Banks, in order to engage in extensive lending to such people, not only borrowed extensively but al so engaged in diverse types of investment banking that concerned the purchase, sale and trade of risks (Kling, 2009, p 21). The collapse of the housing bubble in the United States resulted in erosion of confidence in banks and numerous banking collapses, not just in the fraternity of investment banks whose members had low deposit bases, but also among larger banks that had very substantial capital reserves (Robinson Nantz, 2009, p 5). Financial experts state that the sub-prime crisis, as also the consequent global financial downturn and economic recession, occurred mainly because of unsupervised and unmonitored financial innovations and an extremely lax regulatory environment (Robinson Nantz, 2009, p 5) The Development of Systemic Risks in the Banking Sector A prolonged period of economic growth, marked by low default rates, in the 1990s, resulted in greater deregulation and the development of numerous unsupervised and unmonitored financial innovations (Kling, 2009, p 22). Whilst banks and financial institutions developed such innovations to enhance their revenues and profitability, the financial crisis developed essentially on account of an inadequate regulatory system that failed to capture and control the intrinsic unpredictability of free market mechanisms. The development of phenomena like excessive and unnecessary sub-prime lending, as well as market speculation, were no more than symptoms of larger causal mechanisms (Kling, 2009, p 22). Recent years have witnessed an extraordinary increase in the functioning of the financial sector, more so in the developed nations (Yueh, 2009, p 39). The entry of numerous highly educated and intelligent students from top management institutes into the area has also resulted in constant innov ative exercises and in the development of numerous new products that promised greater returns in an age of low financial costs (Yueh, 2009, p 39). The intricate nature of several of these original and innovative instruments, along with those of the international markets that grew side by side with them, was so complex that it became progressively difficult for banks, regulators, and investors, to fully understand their many dimensions, more so with regard to associated risks (Yueh, 2009, p 39). The regulatory systems that developed in the years prior to the financial crisis did not keep pace with the alterations and innovations in the financial and banking system (Bullard, et al, 2009, p 403). In fact the inadequacies in the regulatory structure enabled banks to conceal their operations from the scrutiny of regulators through the adoption of methods like (a) development of off-balance sheet organisations, (b) utilisation of offshore financial centres, and (c) use of complex deriv ative instruments (Bullard, et al, 2009, p 403). The increase in securitisation, along with the usage of credit derivatives and the shift of the financial system to market-centric conditions from bank-centric environments, distinguished financial developments in the 1990s and the early 2000s (Bullard, et al, 2009, p 403). This period also witnessed the development of significant systemic risks in the financial sector. Systemic risks can arise from different types of episodes like, for instance, the negative effect of the failure of an individual firm on other organisations and on the bigger economy (Bullard, et al, 2009, p 404). The most important risk to the financial system prior to the crisis stemmed from counter party risks, namely the probability that organisations may not be able to meet their obligations in financial contracts. Such risks come about because of the development of asymmetric information, i.e., the greater knowledge of individuals and organisations, than of o thers, of their financial affairs (Bullard, et al, 2009, p 404). Systemic risks tend to be high for financial banks that deal in complex financial contracts (Caprio College, 2009, p 7). Whilst banks engaging in such contracts can safeguard their interests by asking for collateral, actual market circumstances are so interrelated and complex that the true element and extent of risks are often complicated and difficult to determine (Caprio College, 2009, p 7). Systemic risks are particularly relevant in the banking sector where banks and investment institutions deal and trade with each other through numerous channels like over the counter derivatives, interbank markets, and mechanisms for wholesale payment, as also for settlement (Bullard, et al, 2009, p 403). Settlement risks, namely the probability of default by a party to a financial contract, even after the occurrence of delivery by the other party, is an important area of concern for large institutions that routinely have exp osures worth billions of dollars in such transactions (Bullard, et al, 2009, p 403). The instantaneous implementation of financial transactions that take place in the contemporary environment along with the intricate structures of security firms and banks makes it extraordinarily hard to oversee or monitor the acts of (a) counterparties and (b) counterparties of counterparties (Franklin Gale, 2006, p 3). It is obvious that in such circumstances the quick failure of an apparently robust bank can easily make its counterparties exposed to significant losses. Such events can also adversely affect third parties (Franklin Gale, 2006, p 3). The financial sector is specifically vulnerable to systemic risk because of its extraordinary high leverage (Subrahmanyam, 2009, p 32). With banks being geared significantly more than other businesses, the high levels of debt in their capital structure, functions as a double edge sword, providing high returns in good times and leading to significan t risks of failure during economic downturns (Subrahmanyam, 2009, p 32). Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, it is important to note, ran into severe financial problems, primarily because of the extremely high debt in their capital structures vis-a-vis their equity funding (Subrahmanyam, 2009, p 32). The financial sector is again prone to systemic risks because of the tendency of firms in this sector to finance long term illiquid assets with short term debts. Numerous financial businesses finance long term assets with short term debts (Yueh, 2009, p 40). The excessive leverage f these organisations, along with mismatches in maturities of their assets and liabilities make them extremely susceptible to liquidity or interest disturbances (Yueh, 2009, p 40). Role of Regulation in Stability of the Banking Sector Financial experts and academics appear to agree that little was done by regulators to monitor and control excessive leverage in banks, or their embracing of further risk, through the alteration and adaption of regulatory procedures (Schmudde, 2009, p 709). Such organisations were on the other hand supported by regulators and central banks to expand and employ their internal risk appraisal and control processes. Such experts seem to be undivided in their opinion of banking and financial regulation in the pre-crisis era being contradictory, out-of-date, pro-cyclical, deficient, and short on the need to address concerns of banks with regard to liquidity and short-term liabilities (Schmudde, 2009, p 709). Such regulation was furthermore based on fundamentally erroneous premise that market assessment and action for systemic risks could be trusted. Existing regulations were also not able to cope with changes in banking and financial structures, thereby encouraging arbitrage and enabling banks to obscure their behaviour from the purview of regulators through the use of special purpose vehicles (Schmudde, 2009, p 709). The regulation of banks as well as financial institutions in Europe and other western markets has since 2004 been defined by the Basel II accord, which provides recommendations on different banking practices and norms (Schell, 2010, p 1-2). Basel II provides international standards for the use of national banking regulators in issues like capital adequacy and risk management. It fundamentally uses the model of three pillars, which assist ensuring stability in financial systems and markets (Schell, 2010, p 1-2). The first Basel II pillar deals with the estimation of amount of capital required to protect banks from three important types of risks, i.e. which concern credit, markets and operations. The accord provides precise methods for reckoning of diverse risks (Schell, 2010, p 1-2). Credit risks for example can be determined through three methods, n amely the standardised approach as well as two sorts of Internal Ratings Based approaches. The second and third pillars of Basel II basically support supervisory assessment of capital adequacy and market discipline through precise disclosure standards (Schell, 2010, p 1-2). The chief objective of Basel II concerned alignment of regulatory bank capital with risks after assessing the progress made in risk measurement and management as also the diverse opportunities provided by such advances for enhanced supervision (Caprio College, 2009, p 7). The accord aimed to bring regulatory capital closer to economic capital, whose levels influence the decisions of banks on issues of revenues and losses. The progress of the financial crisis however revealed fundamental lacunae and problems in the Basel II approach towards risk management (Caprio College, 2009, p 7). The banking regulations endorsed by the Basel Committee, with its emphasis on least capital requirements, light supervision and controls, and market regulation, are inherently pro-cyclical, these regulations encourage investors to boost risky investments during upswings in business and decrease investments during economic downturns, thus increasing rather than reducing market and economic volatility (Caprio College, 2009, p 8). Whilst managements of banks were expected to look out for risks, the risks surfaced from unexpected places, which were not provided for by Basel II.ÂÂ  Various assumptions about liquidity of instruments like mortgage backed securities that were based on historical performance proved to be untrue, along with the dependability of credit ratings on many of such securities (Caprio College, 2009, p 8). The crisis also exposed that relationships between banks, as well as relationships between banks and financial institutions, could result in the development of domino outcomes during periods of extraordinary stress (Klaus, 2008, p 62). This could render seemingly safe lenders vulnerable through exposure to counterparties that were less safe than estimated. Regulators also proved to be unable to deal with the liability side issues that stemmed from the helplessness of banks and institutions to roll over short term debt (Klaus, 2008, p 62). The exposure of the gaps in the banking regulatory system and their role in the development of the financial crisis has, as evident, resulted in intense debate and discussion and to action on improvement of global regulatory regimes. President Obama of the US has laid out his plans for banking reforms that reveal a significant shift towards the left in US domestic policy and recognition of public anger towards the financial community for its role in the financial crisis (Clifton, 2011, p 1).ÂÂ  The new proposals for banking regulation require banks to be banned from owning, running or investing in private equity groups or hedge funds for their own profits and have policies to thwart banking sector consolidation (Clifton, 2011, p 1). The Basel Committee has also proposed new standards for financial regulators that aim to improve global consistency and quality of regulatory capital and to standardise required adjustments and deductions (Barnes, et al, 2010, p 2). Basel III intends that (a) the Tier 1 capital should allow banks to remain going concerns, (b) Tier 2 capital should be re-categorised as a gone concern protective reserve to safeguard depositors in the cases of insolvency, and (c) that Tier 3 capital should be abolished (Barnes, et al, 2010, p 2). The Basel III document lists items that must be adjusted for computing common equity, like (a) minority interests in subsidiaries, (b) unrealised losses on assets in balance sheets, (c) reserves for cash flow hedges, (d) goodwill and other intangibles, (e) net tax loss carry forwards, (f) deficits in defined benefit pension funds, (g) investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and (f) shortfall in loan loss provisions for expected l osses (Barnes, et al, 2010, p 3). The document also calls for greater disclosure of calculations about regulatory capital in order to improve transparency and help reconciliations with accounting data (Barnes, et al, 2010, p 3). Regulators appear to have realised the dangers of lack of regulation in the banking sector, not only for the future growth and progress of banks but also for the entire financial sector (DonBrash.com, 2010, p 1-2). The securitisation proposals, for instance, aim to change incentive structures for members of markets, increase transparency, assist in investor due diligence, strengthen the role of credit rating organisations, and reduce reliance on credit ratings The fundamental rationale of regulation is the facilitation of authentic, competitive and lawful business activity and the building and provisioning of protection for the interests of different stakeholders. Such regulation, contemporary financial experts argue, should be principle-based flexible an d focused on codes and ethics (DonBrash.com, 2010, p 1-2). Whilst the new proposals for regulation are elaborate and specify increases in capital adequacy requirements, sufficient care will have to be taken to ensure that regulations are inclusive and comprehensive and that consider the role of all institutions, markets and instruments, including off-balance sheet items, tax havens, off-shore centres and hedge funds. Lack of completeness in regulation will result in formation of shadow finance systems, making it hard to thwart regulatory arbitrage and excessive leveraging, both of which were instrumental in the current crisis. All sorts of banking actions will require to be checked, including derivative and underlying securities, as well as securities traded through OTC exchanges and exchange routes. Conclusions This essay takes up the analysis of regulatory actions in the banking sector in the wake of the financial crisis. Whilst the banking sector was regulated prior to the development of the sub-prime and the financial crises, both through the availability of international standards like the Basel II norms and through national regulations, such regulatory structures proved to be inadequate in regulating financial misdemeanours, which were furthermore aggravated by lack of transparency of information and inappropriate provisioning of credit ratings to banks by accredited credit rating institutions. Intensive investigation into the policies and working of banks and financial institutions revealed that the organisations took advantage of the lax and market focused regulatory environment to engage in fundamentally risky activities. With the entire banking network being closely interrelated, such actions aggravated the systemic risks in the sector and resulted in the financial collapse of 20 08. The aftermath of the financial crisis has witnessed intense soul searching, discussion, and debate by regulators, academics, and members of society. The Basel III committee has recommended new norms for capital adequacy and for bringing about much greater transparency in the functioning of banks and publication of records and statements. The US government is also bringing in proposals restricting the working of banks in a number of risky areas. The lessons of the financial crisis seem to have been learnt well but financial experts stress that governments should take care to ensure that regulatory systems do not get bogged down in excessive rules and are developed on the basis of principles and ethical codes of conduct. Whilst the dismay caused by the banking and financial crises are sure to remain in the collective memory of western nations for some time to come, regulatory caution will have to be constantly exercised in the future, even when the horrors fade into distant memories.

Human Sexuality Notes Essay - 3619 Words

MIDTERM #3 CH. 9 SEXUAL BEHAVIORS CELIBACY Complete celibacy - a person who does not masturbate or have interpersonal sexual contact. Partial celibacy- does not have interpersonal sexual contact, but still masturbates. Celibacy or abstinence is an option until the person is ready for a sexual relationship- and becomes a positive act. Religion/morals: becoming a priest or a nun includes a vow of celibacy, celibacy until marriage, personal criteria for a good sexual relationship has been met, have experienced sexual confusion or disappointment in the past EROTIC DREAMS AND FANTASY -mental experiences (books, drawings, movies, photos) ways to explore and express experiences, feelings, and desires. Erotic dreams:†¦show more content†¦Maltz Hierarcy- he sees sexual energy as a neutral force- the intent and consequences of sexual behavior can lead in pos or neg directions (married couples- can be passionate or spousal rape) 3 levels: Positive: emotional openness, lovemaking experiences! Level +1: positive role fulfillment - social-role behavior - religious or cultural duty; sex for reproduction Level +2- Making Love - pleasure focused - mutuality - experimentation Level +3- Authentic sexual intimacy - emotional openness and closeness; feelings of ecstasy Sexual energy (ground zero) Negative- sexual interactions may be upsetting or traumatic Level Ââ€"1 Impersonal interaction - sexually transmitted diseases - or well-being of self and other Level Ââ€"2 Abusive Interaction - sexual dominance and coercion Level Ââ€"3 Violent Interaction - sex used to express hostility - rape KISSING AND TOUCHING Kissing: can be intense, erotic, profound Touching: 1st and most important sense that we experience - does not need to be directed to an erogenous area to be sexual- anywhere can enhance sexual intimacy. Pleasurable to both the receiver and the giver. - Breast stimulation- a favorite for men and woman, some reach orgasm (some hate it) Size doesnt matter. 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Five Forces Model of Qantas-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Analyse the competitive forces facing Qantas, using the five forces framework. 2.Conduct a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) evaluation of Qantass competitive strategy. 3.What has been Qantass corporate strategy across its domestic and international divisions since 1992? 4.Identify any two (2) accounting policy choices that you think should be closely watched by auditors and analysts for a company in the airline industry. Discuss in details for each of the two accounting policy choices above and explain why you have chosen each of them. 5.Evaluate Qantass financial performance (Revenues and Expenses) and financial position (Assets, Liabilities, and Owners Equities) at the end of 2013. 6.Evaluate Qantass financial performance (Revenues and Expenses) and financial position (Assets, Liabilities, and Owners Equities) at the end of latest financial year that you can find (Example: Qantas annual report 2015 or 2016). Answers: 1.Porters Five Forces Model of Qantas Airways Limited Rivalry from competitors- From the case study of Qantas Airways Limited, it is noted that there is fewer firms in the Australian aviation industry and none of them can equalize Qantas Airways Limited in terms of performance, profitability as well as market share (Qantas.com 2017). Threats from new entrants- From the case study of Qantas Airways Limited, it is noted that different firms are trying to enter in the market to give a high level of competition to the airline industry. Furthermore, threat from new entrants is quite less for Qantas Airways Limited (Trugman 2016). Threats of substitute products- From the case study of Qantas Airways Limited, it is noted that different substitutes are available in the current marketplace. Threat from substitute products is quite less to Qantas Airways Limited. Bargaining power of suppliers- From the case study of Qantas Airways Limited, it is noted that different war materials are needed, where fuel and aircrafts is the essential element. Qantas Airways Limited is taking the product from one of the biggest supplier in the marketplace that act as main strength of the company. Bargaining power of buyers- The bargaining power of buyers shows about the buyer power for influencing the price as well as other factors. From the case study of Qantas Airways Limited, clients are available in the market and firms for serving them so that buyers have the power to influence the price as well as operations of the company. 2. SWOT Analysis of Qantas Airways Limited Strengths Weakness Oldest airline in Australia High market share in Australia 20 domestic and global destinations Monopoly in airline sector Huge Sponsorship Advertising campaign Strong backing of Australian Government Issue with employee or human resources Too much concentration around Australasia Opportunities Threats Investors attractiveness Advancement of technology Asian different tourist destination Joint venture with international brands High fuel prices Intense competition in the market because of new entrants High labor cost 3.Corporate strategy of Qantas Airways Limited From the case study of Qantas Airways Limited, it is noted that the company need to investigate over the corporate strategy of the business. There are different factors that relates to the corporate strategy of Qantas Airways Limited. Qantas Airways Limited has come into existence in the year 1920 and plans for opting strategies for managing the business as well as enhancing the growth (Sheth and Sisodia 2015). After 1992, Qantas Airways Limited has made many changes into its strategy, functioning, operations as well as technology and sources for managing and enhancing the performance and profitability of the business. It is noted that the company has adopted two strategies for managing the performance as well as profitability of the business. The company has used international expansion strategy as well as diversification strategy for the business enterprise (Armstrong et al. 2015). Till now, Qantas Airways Limited had already operated its business into 42 countries with 173 offices and 35000 employees. Most of the business operations had started to management the performance like budget airlines, Jetstar, Qantas holidays and Qantas catering for evaluating the situation of the business firm (Sekaran and Bougie 2016). 4.Accounting Policy From the case study of Qantas Airways Limited, it had been analyzed that the company is peppering the final financial data at the time of analyzing the different point of view in relation to the company for managing the reports based on accounting policies. Revenue and expenses recognition The rules of IFRS and US GAAP explain that an association needs to be identified in the income and expenses based on market value in the income statement. In addition, revenue is identified of an association that could be understood by the Business Corporation of trading of products or services such as sales, interest income, long-term gains and short-term profits where expense is calculated as loss of an association that can be paid by the Business Corporation at the time of trading products and services such as labor, operational expenses and cost of goods sold (Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti 2013). Therefore, the accounting rules show that the expenses should be recorded in the debit column and income needs to be recorded in the credit column in the income statement. Asset and liability recording The rule of IFRS and US GAAP show that an association should identify overall asset as well as liabilities based on market value in the balance sheet, where assets is recognized as economical profit of business that need to be converted by the Business Corporation based on nature of assets (Meffert 2013). The short-term asset is that asset that can be converted in a year and long-term asset need some time like plants and debtors. On the other hand, liability is recorded as debt of an association can be converted by the Business Corporation based on the nature of liability. Therefore, double entry accounting system is helpful where total asset equals liability and capital of business enterprise. Financial Performance of Qantas Airways Limited at the end of 2013 Liquidity ratio 2013 Current ratio 0.823390895 Quick ratio 0.709105181 Working capital -1,125.0 Profitability Ratios 2013 Operating Profit Margin 0.002182705 Net Profit Margin 0.000320986 Return on Capital Employed 0.0 Return on Equity 0.000841184 Return on Total assets 0.000247525 Capital structure ratio 2013 Debt- equity 2.398384926 Interest coverage ratio 0.057432432 Efficiency ratio 2013 Receivable turnover ratio Creditor turnover ratio Inventory turnover ratio Assets turnover ratio Particular 2013 ROCI -100.3846154 The financial data of the company for the year 2013 depict ways for identifying the level of performance of the company based on finance. Most of the ratio had been calculated for identifying liquidity, efficiency, profitability and solvency position of Qantas Airways Limited. On analysis, it is noted that current ratio of Qantas Airways Limited depict a bad liquidity position for the company that reveals the fact where company cannot repay their short-term debt obligations for specified time. In addition, the quick ratio of Qantas Airways Limited shows a bad position in the year 2013. Overall, the working capital of Qantas Airways Limited is negative that show that company need to make some changes so that they can sustain in the long-run (Keller and Kotler 2016). Profitability ratio help in predicting the profitability position of any business enterprise. On analysis, it is noted that Qantas Airways Limited is earning very less profit from the market that restrict the company to work smoothly in the near future. Capital structure ratio reveals that debts of Qantas Airways Limited are quite higher than the assets of the company that need changes. Efficiency ratio of Qantas Airways Limited shows bad efficiency and it is suggested that the company should make some changes during the recovery days for maintaining the working capital at accepted level (Hollensen 2015). 5.Financial Performance of Qantas Airways Limited for 2015 and 2016 Current ratio 0.492031873 0.675903614 Quick ratio 0.396414343 0.589692102 Working capital -3,570.0 -2,421.0 Profitability Ratios 2016 2015 Operating Profit Margin 0.180435884 0.101596704 Net Profit Margin 0.0651926 0.035861447 Return on Capital Employed 0.3 0.2 Return on Equity 0.316615385 0.162059936 Return on Total assets 0.061598324 0.031774102 Capital structure ratio 2016 2015 Debt- equity 4.14 4.100378237 Interest coverage ratio 5.014084507 2.260744986 Efficiency ratio 2016 2015 Receivable turnover ratio 17.9977195 14.41484919 Creditor turnover ratio 5.214511041 12.28374893 Inventory turnover ratio 20.09726444 22.35680751 Assets turnover ratio 0.922097269 0.891414141 Computation of return on capital invested Particular 2016 2015 ROCI -268.0327869 -47.05372617 The financial data of Qantas Airways Limited for the year 2015 and 2016 had been analyzed for identifying the performance of the company based on finance (Foxall 2014). 6.Analysis the data of 2013, 2015 and 2016 By conducting the study of Qantas Airways Limited for the three years (2013, 2015 and 2016), it is noted that Qantas Airways Limited faced many issues in the last two years because of internal and external factors. In addition, it is analyzed that different strategies have been adopted by Qantas Airways Limited for enhancing the level of performance. The study shows that the performance of Qantas Airways Limited is similar to that for year 2013 and 2015, 2016. It is noted that the liquidity position of Qantas Airways Limited is even similar over the years. The company is facing issue in meeting the short-term debt obligations. It is noted that Qantas Airways Limited is still not able to enjoy high profits (Goworek and McGoldrick 2015). Conclusion At the end of the case study, it is concluded that Qantas Airways Limited is required to make some changes into the financial as well as non-financial figures for enhancing the level of performance. Qantas Airways Limited operates in aviation industry but faces external and internal issue that reveals that the performance of the company has been lowered. 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